вы сделайте замену, увидите.

d(cost) откуда взялось?
Хм...
x = sint
dx = d(sint)
dx=cost dt
...-(1/2)int[x^2/sqrt(1-x^2)dx] = |замена x = sint|= -(1/2)int[sin^2(t)*cost/sqrt(1-sin^2(t)dt] = -(1/2)int[sin^2(t)dt] = -1/2(1/2(t-sint*cost)) = -1/2(t/2-1/2sint*cost) = -1/4t+1/8sin2t, так?